Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: The microalga Volvox carteri as a cell supportive building block for tissue engineering

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101013

Figure Lengend Snippet: Production of compactable and deformable seeded V. carteri living building blocks. A. Living building blocks formation principle, B. Normal distribution of V. carteri spheroid diameter in the saturated algal suspension (N = 5; Shapiro-Francia Test; W' = 0.9934). C. Evaluation of the compaction and deformation of the algal suspension of V. carteri spheroids by phase contrast microscopy through the determination of V. carteri colony circularity (N = 3, n ≥ 75, Welch t -test (***: p ≤ 0.001, scale bar: 250 μm). D. Observation of the surface adhesion capacity of V. carteri spheroids for various cell types. From left to right, phase contrast and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) observations of L929 adhered to the surface of V. carteri (white arrows), phase contrast observation of HDFn spheroid-like structures (black arrows), and HUVEC cell chains (red arrows) adhered to the surface of V. carteri microalgae. E. Evaluation of the cell adhesion-promoting properties of V. carteri extract. Phase contrast observation of HDFn and HUVEC cells 48 h after seeding on adhesive, anti-adhesive or V. carteri extract-coated surfaces (scale bar: 250 μm). PHANTAST plugin and Fiji software were used to estimate cell confluency [20], [21](n ≥ 3, Mann–Whitney U test (**: p ≤ 0.01)). (For interpretation of the references to color/color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: Estimation of the cell adhesive properties of V. carteri: non-adhesive 6-well plates (Evergreen Scientifics, Vernon, CA, USA) were precoated with 1 mL of V. carteri extract per well for 1 h at 37 °C.

Techniques: Suspension, Microscopy, Electron Microscopy, Adhesive, Software, MANN-WHITNEY